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Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 - August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer, and the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor.
Armstrong was born and raised in Wapakoneta, Ohio. A graduate of Purdue University, he studied aeronautical engineering; his college tuition was paid for by the U.S. Navy under the Holloway Plan. He became a midshipman in 1949 and a naval aviator the following year. He saw action in the Korean War, flying the Grumman F9F Panther from the aircraft carrier USS Essex. In September 1951, while making a low bombing run, Armstrong's aircraft was damaged when it collided with an anti-aircraft cable, strung across a valley, which cut off a large portion of one wing. Armstrong was forced to bail out. After the war, he completed his bachelor's degree at Purdue and became a test pilot at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He was the project pilot on Century Series fighters and flew the North American X-15 seven times. He was also a participant in the U.S. Air Force's Man in Space Soonest and X-20 Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs.
Armstrong joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in the second group, which was selected in 1962. He made his first spaceflight as command pilot of Gemini 8 in March 1966, becoming NASA's first civilian astronaut to fly in space. During this mission with pilot David Scott, he performed the first docking of two spacecraft; the mission was aborted after Armstrong used some of his re-entry control fuel to stabilize a dangerous roll caused by a stuck thrust. During training for Armstrong's second and last spaceflight as commander of Apollo 11, he had to eject from the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle moments before a crash. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong and Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM) pilot Buzz Aldrin became the first people to land on the Moon, and the next day they spent two and a half hours outside the Lunar Module Eagle spacecraft while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the Apollo Command Module Columbia. When Armstrong first stepped onto the lunar surface, he famously said: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." It was broadcast live to an estimated 530 million viewers worldwide. Apollo 11 effectively proved US victory in the Space Race, by fulfilling a national goal proposed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy "of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" before the end of the decade. Along with Collins and Aldrin, Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Richard Nixon and received the 1969 Collier Trophy. President Jimmy Carter presented him with the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 1978, he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1979, and with his former crew-mates received the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.
After he resigned from NASA in 1971, Armstrong taught in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati until 1979. He served on the Apollo 13 accident investigation and on the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. In 2012, Armstrong died due to complications resulting from coronary bypass surgery, at the age of 82.- Manola Saavedra was born on 29 June 1936 in Valencia, Spain. She was an actress, known for Las gemelas (1961), Un hijo cayo del cielo (1962) and Raquel's Shoeshiner (1957). She died on 25 August 2012 in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico.
- Florencio Amarilla was born on 3 January 1935 in Bogado, Paraguay. He was an actor, known for El Condor (1970), Chato's Land (1972) and Catlow (1971). He died on 25 August 2012 in Vélez Rubio, Spain.
- Jean-Michel Farcy was born on 25 December 1952 in Soisy-sous-Montmorency, France. He was an actor, known for Marie-Antoinette (1975), Bel ordure (1973) and Les aventures de Guidon Fûté (1980). He died on 25 August 2012 in Rueil-Malmaison, France.
- Peter Shelton was born on 26 March 1945 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA. He was married to Laura Bennett. He died on 25 August 2012 in New York, New York, USA.
- Mary Charlotte Thurtle was born on 25 October 1961 in Wichita, Kansas, USA. Mary Charlotte was a producer, known for Under Arpaio (2011). Mary Charlotte died on 25 August 2012 in Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Robert Kotlowitz was born on 21 November 1924 in Paterson, New Jersey, USA. Robert was a producer, known for Merchants and Masterpieces (1989), Art of the Western World (1989) and Hard Times (1977). Robert was married to Billie Leibowitz. Robert died on 25 August 2012 in Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA.- Larry Villani was born on 26 May 1920. Larry was a writer, known for The Unforeseen (1958), On Camera (1954) and Playbill (1953). Larry died on 25 August 2012 in Manhattan, New York, USA.