No. "10,000 B.C." cobbles together wildly disparate elements in human prehistory.
To start things off, the geography/climate of the movie is totally incorrect. The movie takes place during the beginning of the mesolithic era, which was immediately after the end of the ice age. The ice age ended about 12,000 years ago, causing a global warming of around 7°C and major sea level changes. All megafauna (saber-tooth tigers) became extinct soon after this period, giving a rise to the hunting of small game. Tundra became forest, but most importantly, tribes moved closer to the sea, because that is where most natural resources were. It is generally agreed that there was oral language 12,000 years ago, but it wasn't remotely similar to English, and individual tribes would have had their own dialects and languages.
The most historically inaccurate aspect of the movie is the whole concept of civilization. Around 10,000 BC, humans in the "Fertile Crescent" of the Near East were just beginning to create permanent architecture, generally living in pit-structured ("semi-subterranean") houses, and they had not yet developed the technology to create monumental buildings such as the pyramids shown in the film. Complex civilizations and cities did not form until the end of the mesolithic era about 5,000 years ago (or 7,000 years after the setting of the film): the first true stone pyramid was built at Saqqara in Egypt in the 27th century BC, and the large mudbrick temples of Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC were eventually modified to form ziqqurats (stepped pyramids) in the 3rd millennium. On the other hand, recent excavations in southeastern Turkey, at the mountain site of Göbekli Tepe, have uncovered early Neolithic structures containing stone pillars decorated in relief that seem to have been created before the advent of agriculture, shortly after 10,000 BC. The excavators suggest that hunter-gatherer groups combined forces to build these structures as sanctuaries (since there is no evidence that they were used for domestic habitation), though they are only a few square meters in area and so are much smaller than the structures shown in the film. This may be a case in which fact is stranger, and more fascinating, than fiction!
The earliest evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from Central Asia and dates to approximately 4,500 BC. Archaeological finds such as the Sintashta chariot burials provided unequivocal evidence that the horse was definitely domesticated by 2,000 BC.
In addition, at the end of the movie, D'leh is given some seeds to help his tribe to overcome food scarcity by planting them and domesticating agriculture. The seeds he is given, however, include corn/maize, which existed at that time only in the Americas.
The main shortcoming of the film is its name, which implies some semblance of historical accuracy.