Holmes' statement that talking about a case to another person helps to clear it up is from the original stories by Arthur Conan Doyle.
Right after turning down Watson's suggestion that he run for exercise, Holmes gets up and flexes shirtlessly with his back to the camera. This prominently displays the "26.2" tattoo on Jonny Lee Miller's back, which commemorates the many 26.2 mile marathons he has run.
The inadvertent E.E.Cummings reference to which Sherlock alludes is the poem "in Just".
It is a work that uses a deliberately odd style of typography and punctuation.
The first few lines are:
in Just- spring when the world is mud- luscious the little lame balloonman whistles far and wee
in Just- spring when the world is mud- luscious the little lame balloonman whistles far and wee
Kemper is the name of a serial killer : Edmund Emil Kemper III (born December 18, 1948) is an American serial killer and necrophile who murdered ten people, including his paternal grandparents and mother. He is noted for his large size, at 6 feet 9 inches (2.06 m), and for his high IQ, at 145.
Holmes' comment about a logician being able to extrapolate an Atlantic or a Niagara from a drop of water is taken from the first Sherlock Holmes adventure, 'A Study in Scarlet' when he is attempting to explain the Science of Deduction to a skeptical Dr. Watson.