Posse man Garret uses the derogatory term "Hooplehead" in this episode. Hooplehead was an epithet created for Deadwood that has no actual etymology back to the 19th century.
Checotah, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), the town featured in this episode, is a real town and the hometown of American Idol winner and country music star Carrie Underwood. The gang of robbers led by a blonde female in this episode is called the Underwood Gang.
Judge Parker in Fort Smith was a real judge. He was also featured in True Grit (1969)
The $6 a day Garrett is asking for in 1875 would be approximately $168 in 2023 terms. That would be about $42,000 a year, which is a median starting salary for a patrolman in many of the states.