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10/10
Dois córregos: memory, oppression and love
21 August 2005
Warning: Spoilers
Carlos Reinchenbach is one of the most acclaimed and prestigious Brazilian filmmakers. Born in 1945, he started his career in the late 60's, and, in the subsequent years, remained passionately committed to artistic quality in cinema, having received several awards for his work as director, screenplay writer and cinematographer. One of his films, Dois córregos ("Two streams", 1999), represents his critical and at the same time sensitive style, developing, with a conscious emphasis on memory and temporally, two main themes: oppression and ephemeral love.

As a first step, it is useful to make a small summary of the story. The film begins in the late 90's, with the character Ana Paula returning to a country-house that was owned by her parents, but had been neglected for a long time. She had just won a legal dispute and was there to take back the possession of the house. In the midst of the sad scene of expulsion of the people that were living in the place, she starts to remember the four days she spent there, in the years of the dictatorship, when she was still a teenager. Consequently, the film is a long flashback of that time. The main characters, other than Ana Paula, are Lydia, her high school friend, Tereza, a sort of step-daughter of Isolda (Ana Paula's mother), and Ana's uncle, Hermes, who was in the country-house waiting for a chance to return legally to Brazil – he was a fugitive from the government.

Memory and temporally are important factors in the construction of the narrative. There are some key moments in which they appear. The first involves Ana Paula, whose memory is the background of the whole story. Moreover, it can be seen that, although her relationship with Hermes was brief, it made a huge impact on her life. The adult Ana Paula appears in a boat talking to him as if he were there – a boat like the one in which he left when he got in danger of being caught. A second moment in which memory and temporally appear is related to Hermes' relationship with his son and daughter, that he left with their mother, in an indefinite past, to follow a friend and join armed struggle. Hermes remembers his children, most of the time, in scenes in which they appear with their back turned, and even when they are seen from the front, there is either a shadow or a blinding light in their faces. The letters he writes to them, which he never sends, along with those faint memories, express his sadness and contradictory feelings of regret – he left them to pursue a political ideal that led him to exile.

The theme of oppression is also an important factor in the film. Its first manifestation is the military dictatorship itself, that is felt throughout the whole film, since it is the reason Hermes is staying in the country-house. The second is also associated with military power. Tereza, in the first part of the film, is involved with the sergeant Percival, who is married and has kids. Later on, she finds out that he had other lovers and was known to like virgins. As a result, she gets mad, goes to his house and tells everything to his wife. This is when the brutality most clearly appears: he beats her badly, literally kicking her out of the house.

The theme of ephemeral love is another key element in the film. There is a scene in which Hermes tells Ana Paula about his first love – Tereza's mother, that worked for his family and was forced to leave after Isolda found out what had happened. In his words, it was ephemeral, and consequently, very significant. Tereza's love for Hermes is also ephemeral – it lasts only one night. In the next day, Percival comes to the house, asking for forgiveness, and Hermes makes him go away, threatening to shoot him. This makes it unsafe for Hermes to stay, so he leaves, alone, even though Tereza wanted to go with him. Ana Paula, in her turn, has a platonic love for her uncle that is the reason of the whole film, since it is all made from her memories of the ephemeral time she spent with him.

In conclusion, it can be said that, in Dois córregos, there is a close relation between memory and temporally, oppressive power and ephemerally of love. The film ends with Hermes going away in his little boat, and with Ana Paula, adult, digging up a box that Hermes had buried, containing photographs of his children and the letters that he never sent. This box represents the elements that can be seen as a summary of the film: the oppressive power that got Hermes separated from the people he loved, leaving him only with the faint memories of the ephemeral moments spent with them.
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12 Monkeys (1995)
10/10
Time and destiny in a true 90's masterpiece
18 July 2005
Warning: Spoilers
A linear travel within a non-linear structure. It's a fact that time, in 12 monkeys, flows in this come-and-go between present, future and past. However, the movie's linearity can't be avoided: it's the very work of the projector, the unfolding of the narrative.

What we can see underlying the temporal theme is a reflection on the inevitability of our actions. The world of this Terry Gilliam film is a world with little space for free-will.

Right from the beginning we are informed about a schizophrenic's prophecy, according to which a plague would rule the Earth in 1997, forcing the few survivors to live underground - the only place not affected by the virus.

Cole's (Willis) mission is clear: return to the mid 90's to investigate whatever and whoever is related to the release of the virus. There's no way to change the past: all that can be done is gather information that can help the scientists of the present (that, for us viewers, is the future) find the cure. Not to change what happened (the past is inevitable), but make the present better.

In his "returns" in time, Cole gradually comes near a striking dilemma: his life in the past is better than his life in the present.

The latter is dark and dehumanizing, controlled by totalitarian scientists that elect "volunteers" (this word is incisively ironic) to embark on the journeys to the past.

The scientists have not yet reached the highest level of achievements in time travel, and Cole ends up on wrong dates - this will, later in the plot, work as a proof of his sanity for the psychiatrist Kathryn (Stowe).

We can see, through the evolution of the story, that linearity and non-linearity interlace in a circular temporality.

There is more than one moment in which the scene that is the first and ends up being almost the last - and certainly the climactic - appears. It modifies itself, according to the evocation of Cole's memories, that come up in his dreams.

In an airport, a man is shot dead while running, armed, toward someone else. A blonde woman runs after the murdered one.

This is the scene that connects the past (in which Cole is a kid that visits the airport with his parents), the present (the time of the narrative) and the future (adult Cole) Throughout the narrative, Cole has the feeling of having already lived the reality he is experiencing now. His prophetic dreams are the proof that it is impossible to escape or avoid what happened. The agents that shoot him stop him from killing the mad scientist, doctor Peters (Morse), that is the responsible for the dissemination of the disease.

What was can't be changed. And, in Cole's case, what was is what will be. Eternally.

A film not quite well understood for many. To me, nothing less than a masterpiece.

Other good movies with similar theme: The Back to the future trilogy (that has another angle regarding the "mad scientist" character, and although it shares the atmosphere of decay - particularly in the second film -, it is way more optimistic than Gilliam's work, that is an odd Hollywood picture).

In another register, there is "Wild strawberries", one of Bergman's masterpieces, that involves a striking and enlightening travel to the past through dreams and reminiscences.

I've never watched "La Jetée", but only because I can't find it.
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